All metallic shields are required to be directly connected to which systems?

Metallic shields are essential in electrical and electronic systems to protect against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and ensure safety. These shields must be properly connected to various grounding and bonding systems to facilitate a safe discharge of electrical currents, reduce the risk of electrical shock, and maintain signal integrity.

The grounding system provides a direct path for fault currents, which helps prevent voltage build-up during faults. Bonding connects various metallic parts to ensure that they have the same electrical potential. This is crucial in preventing potential differences that could lead to dangerous electrical shocks or equipment damage.

By being connected to various grounding and bonding systems, the shields are grounded effectively, allowing any stray currents or interference to be safely dissipated. This comprehensive approach is vital for maintaining a safe and functional electrical environment. Hence, the correct answer reflects the necessity of connecting metallic shields to multiple systems for optimal performance and safety.